🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6: Master Scholars (Grades 7–8)
πŸ€–
LUMI ACADEMY
Level 6
Master Scholars
Grades 7–8 Β· Ages 12–14
πŸ€– ACE says:
"Logic, creativity, and courage β€” that's what scholars are made of. Let's solve this world together."
Learner Information
Student Name:  
Grade:  
School Year:  
Parent / Teacher:  
lumi-academy.org Β· YourSpace LLC Β· Aligned to CCSS Β· TEKS Β· NGSS
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6: Master ScholarsTable of Contents

πŸ“‹ Table of Contents

πŸ€–
Grades 7–8 are the edge β€” algebra, exponents, advanced writing, body chemistry, earth systems, and world history. You're becoming a real scholar now.
πŸ”’ Section 1 β€” Mathematics
Unit 1: Exponents & Scientific NotationPages 4–9
Unit 2: Linear Equations & GraphingPages 10–15
Unit 3: Systems of EquationsPages 16–20
Unit 4: FunctionsPages 21–25
Unit 5: Radicals & Pythagorean TheoremPages 26–30
Math ReviewPages 31–33
πŸ“– Section 2 β€” ELA
Unit 6: Textual Analysis & Author's ArgumentPages 34–39
Unit 7: Rhetoric & Persuasive TechniquesPages 40–45
Unit 8: Research Essay & MLA CitationPages 46–51
Unit 9: Advanced Grammar & SyntaxPages 52–56
ELA ReviewPages 57–58
πŸ”¬ Section 3 β€” Science
Unit 10: Chemistry & Atomic StructurePages 59–64
Unit 11: Earth Systems & ClimatePages 65–69
Unit 12: Genetics & EvolutionPages 70–74
Science ReviewPages 75–76
🌍 Section 4 β€” Social Studies
Unit 13: World History β€” Renaissance to Modern EraPages 77–81
Unit 14: Global Cultures & CivicsPages 82–85
Completion CertificatePage 86
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 1 Β· Exponents & Scientific Notation
πŸ“ˆ
Unit 1 β€” Exponents & Scientific Notation
Laws of Exponents Β· Zero & Negative Exponents Β· Scientific Notation Β· Very Large/Small Numbers

πŸ“š Laws of Exponents

Product Rule
x^a Β· x^b = x^(a+b)
Example: 2³ · 2⁴ = 2⁷ = 128
Quotient Rule
x^a Γ· x^b = x^(a-b)
Example: 5⁢ ÷ 5² = 5⁴ = 625
Power Rule
(x^a)^b = x^(ab)
Example: (3²)³ = 3⁢ = 729
Zero Exponent
x⁰ = 1 (x β‰  0)
Example: 7⁰ = 1, 100⁰ = 1
Negative Exponent
x^(-a) = 1/x^a
Example: 2⁻³ = 1/8 = 0.125
Scientific Notation
a Γ— 10^n where 1 ≀ a < 10
Example: 4,500 = 4.5 Γ— 10Β³
Part 1 β€” Simplify Using Exponent Laws
3² · 3⁴ =
5⁢ ÷ 5³ =
(2Β³)Β² =
10⁰ =
2⁻⁴ =
6⁻² =
Part 2 β€” Scientific Notation
Write in scientific notation:
45,000 =
Write in scientific notation:
0.000082 =
Expand from scientific notation:
3.5 Γ— 10⁴ =
Expand from scientific notation:
7.2 Γ— 10⁻³ =
The distance to the sun is about 93,000,000 miles. Write in scientific notation:
A virus is about 0.0000001 meters. Write in scientific notation:
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 2 Β· Linear Equations & Graphing
πŸ“Š
Unit 2 β€” Linear Equations & Graphing
Slope Β· y = mx + b Β· Graphing Lines Β· Slope-Intercept Form

πŸ“š Key Concepts

slope (m)Rise over run β€” how steep a line is: m = (yβ‚‚βˆ’y₁)/(xβ‚‚βˆ’x₁)
y-intercept (b)Where the line crosses the y-axis β€” when x = 0
slope-intercept formy = mx + b β€” the most useful form for graphing
positive slopeLine goes up from left to right
negative slopeLine goes down from left to right
zero slopeHorizontal line; undefined slope is vertical
Part 1 β€” Find the Slope
Points: (2, 4) and (6, 12)
m = (12-4)/(6-2) = __/__
m =
Points: (1, 7) and (4, 1)
m = (1-7)/(4-1) = __/__
m =
Points: (βˆ’3, 2) and (3, 8)
m = (8-2)/(3-(-3)) = __/__
m =
Part 2 β€” Write Equations in Slope-Intercept Form
m = 3, b = βˆ’2
y =
m = βˆ’Β½, b = 4
y =
Line passes through (0, 5) with slope 2
y =
Line passes through (2, 1) and (4, 5)
First find slope: m =
Then: y =
Part 3 β€” Graph the Line
y = 2x + 1
y-intercept: (0, ___)
slope: rise/run = ___/___
Second point: (1, ___)
y = βˆ’x + 3
y-intercept: (0, ___)
slope: rise/run = ___/___
Second point: (1, ___)
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 3 Β· Systems of Equations
πŸ”—
Unit 3 β€” Systems of Equations
Two Linear Equations Β· Substitution Β· Elimination Β· Graphing Solutions

πŸ“š Solving Systems

Substitution Method: Solve one equation for a variable, substitute into the other
Elimination Method: Add or subtract equations to eliminate a variable
Graphing Method: Graph both lines; intersection point is the solution
Solution: The point (x, y) that satisfies both equations
Part 1 β€” Solve Using Substitution
System:
y = 2x + 1
y = βˆ’x + 4
Step 1: Substitute the first equation into the second:
2x + 1 = βˆ’x + 4
Step 2: Solve for x:
Step 3: Find y:
Solution: (, )
Part 2 β€” Solve Using Elimination
System:
3x + y = 7
x βˆ’ y = 1
Step 1: Add the equations to eliminate y:
3x + y + x βˆ’ y = 7 + 1
4x = 8
Step 2: Solve for x: x =
Step 3: Find y (substitute back): y =
Solution: (, )
Part 3 β€” Word Problem
A movie theater sells tickets at $8 for adults and $5 for kids. One day they sold 100 tickets and made $650. How many of each type were sold?

Let a = adult tickets, k = kid tickets
Equation 1: a + k =
Equation 2: 8a + 5k =

Solve using substitution or elimination:
Adult tickets:
Kid tickets:
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 4 Β· Functions
Ζ’(x)
Unit 4 β€” Functions
Function Notation Β· Domain & Range Β· Evaluating Functions Β· Linear & Quadratic Functions

πŸ“š Function Concepts

functionA relationship where each input has exactly one output
f(x) notation"f of x" β€” the output value when input is x
domainAll possible input values (x values)
rangeAll possible output values (y values)
linear functionf(x) = mx + b β€” graphs as a straight line
quadratic functionf(x) = axΒ² + bx + c β€” graphs as a parabola
Part 1 β€” Evaluate Functions
f(x) = 3x βˆ’ 2
f(4) = 3(4) βˆ’ 2 =
f(x) = xΒ² + 1
f(5) = (5)Β² + 1 =
f(x) = 2xΒ² βˆ’ 3x
f(βˆ’2) = 2(βˆ’2)Β² βˆ’ 3(βˆ’2) =
Part 2 β€” Domain & Range
f(x) = 2x + 3
Is this a function? Yes / No
Domain (all x values):
Range (all y values):
f(x) = xΒ²
Is this a function? Yes / No
Domain:
Range:
(Hint: squares are always β‰₯ 0)
Part 3 β€” Quadratic Functions
f(x) = xΒ² βˆ’ 4x + 3
Find the zeros (where f(x) = 0):
0 = xΒ² βˆ’ 4x + 3
0 = (x βˆ’ 1)(x βˆ’ 3)
Zeros: x = or x =

Vertex (line of symmetry): x = βˆ’b/(2a) = βˆ’(βˆ’4)/(2Β·1) =
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 5 Β· Radicals & Pythagorean Theorem
√
Unit 5 β€” Radicals & Pythagorean Theorem
Square Roots Β· Cube Roots Β· Simplifying Radicals Β· aΒ² + bΒ² = cΒ²

πŸ“š Pythagorean Theorem

aΒ² + bΒ² = cΒ²
In a right triangle:
a and b are the two legs (perpendicular sides)
c is the hypotenuse (longest side, opposite the right angle)
Part 1 β€” Simplify Square Roots
√16 =
√100 =
√2 β‰ˆ
√50 = √2
Part 2 β€” Use the Pythagorean Theorem
Right triangle with legs 3 and 4:
3Β² + 4Β² = cΒ²
9 + 16 = cΒ²
25 = cΒ²
c =
Right triangle with legs 5 and 12:
5Β² + 12Β² = cΒ²
25 + 144 = cΒ²
cΒ² =
c =
Right triangle with one leg 6 and hypotenuse 10:
6Β² + bΒ² = 10Β²
36 + bΒ² = 100
bΒ² =
b =
A ladder leans against a wall. The ladder is 13 feet long and the base is 5 feet from the wall. How high does it reach?
5Β² + hΒ² = 13Β²
25 + hΒ² = 169
h = feet
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 6 Β· Textual Analysis
πŸ“š
Unit 6 β€” Textual Analysis & Author's Argument
Central Claim Β· Supporting Evidence Β· Counterarguments Β· Credibility

πŸ“š Analyzing Arguments

claim (thesis)The main point the author is trying to prove
evidenceFacts, statistics, examples, or quotes that support the claim
logical appeal (logos)Using reason and evidence
emotional appeal (pathos)Using feelings to persuade
ethical appeal (ethos)Using credibility and trustworthiness
counterargumentAn opposing viewpoint that the author addresses
refutationProving a counterargument wrong
logical fallacyA flawed argument (hasty generalization, false cause, etc.)
πŸ“– Analyze This Argument:

Climate Change and Youth

"Young people today face a climate crisis unlike any previous generation. Rising sea levels threaten coastal cities. Record temperatures worsen droughts. Scientists agree with 97% certainty that human activity drives climate change. Yet many politicians still deny these facts. Young people must vote and demand action β€” not for themselves, but for their children. The time to act was yesterday; the time to start is now."

Analysis Questions
Q1 β€” What is the author's central claim?
Q2 β€” List three pieces of evidence the author provides:
Q3 β€” Identify one appeal (logos, pathos, or ethos) used in this passage:
Q4 β€” What counterargument does the author mention? ("Many politicians...")
Q5 β€” How does the author refute this counterargument?
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 7 Β· Rhetoric & Persuasive Techniques
🎀
Unit 7 β€” Rhetoric & Persuasive Techniques
Rhetoric Β· Tone Β· Diction Β· Syntax Β· Repetition & Parallelism

πŸ“š Rhetorical Devices

Anaphora
Repetition at the start of consecutive clauses: "Yes we can, yes we will."
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds: "The light and bright design"
Allusion
Indirect reference to another text or event
Juxtaposition
Placing contrasting ideas side by side for emphasis
Rhetorical Question
A question asked for effect, not to get an answer
Parallelism
Using similar structure in repeated phrases: "First do this, then do that."
Identify the Rhetorical Device
"We shall never surrender, never falter, never fail."
Device:
"Do you really think that's fair?"
Device:
"The old guard dwindles while youth surges forward."
Device:
"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."
Device:
"The long and the strong bonds of community"
Device:
"Tilting at windmills" (reference to Don Quixote)
Device:
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 8 Β· Research Essay & MLA Citation
πŸ“–
Unit 8 β€” Research Essay & MLA Citation
MLA Format Β· In-Text Citations Β· Works Cited Β· Avoiding Plagiarism

πŸ“š MLA Basics

In-text citation (parenthetical): (Author Page#) at the end of borrowed info
Works Cited entry: Alphabetical list on last page with full source info
Format: Last name, First name. "Title of Work." Title of Container, Date, Pages or URL.
Sample MLA Citations:
Book: Smith, John. The Great Discovery. ABC Publishers, 2020.
Website: Johnson, Sarah. "Climate Science Explained." Science Today, 15 Mar. 2022, www.sciencetoday.com.
Magazine: Lee, Michelle. "The Future of AI." Tech Weekly, vol. 45, no. 3, 2023, pp. 28–35.
Practice: Create MLA Citations
Book by Jane Austen titled "Pride and Prejudice," published by Penguin Classics in 2003.
Website article by Dr. Chen about "The Benefits of Meditation" from MindHealth.org, accessed March 15, 2024.
In-text citation for the Austen book, quoting page 45:
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 10 Β· Chemistry & Atomic Structure
βš›οΈ
Unit 10 β€” Chemistry: Atomic Structure
Atoms Β· Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Β· Periodic Table Β· Bonding

πŸ“š Atomic Structure

Proton
Positive charge (+)
In nucleus
Mass β‰ˆ 1 amu
Neutron
No charge (neutral)
In nucleus
Mass β‰ˆ 1 amu
Electron
Negative charge (βˆ’)
Orbits nucleus
Mass β‰ˆ 0 (negligible)
Part 1 β€” Atomic Details
Hydrogen atom (atomic number 1):
Protons: ___
Electrons: ___
Neutrons (in most H): ___
Carbon-12 (atomic number 6, mass number 12):
Protons: ___
Electrons: ___
Neutrons: 12 βˆ’ 6 = ___
Oxygen-16 (atomic number 8, mass number 16):
Protons: ___
Electrons: ___
Neutrons: ___
What determines the atomic number of an element?
Part 2 β€” Chemical Bonding
Bond TypeDescriptionExampleStrength
IonicElectron transfer; + and βˆ’ charges attractNaCl (salt)Very strong
CovalentElectron sharing between atomsHβ‚‚O (water)Strong
MetallicElectrons shared among metal atomsFe (iron)Strong
Is NaCl (table salt) held together by ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds?
Is Hβ‚‚O (water) held together by ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds?
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 13 Β· World History: Renaissance to Modern
🌐
Unit 13 β€” World History: Renaissance to Modern Era
Renaissance Β· Age of Exploration Β· Enlightenment Β· Industrial & French Revolutions Β· 20th Century

πŸ“š Key Eras & Events

EraTime PeriodMajor Events & Ideas
Renaissance14th–17th centuryRebirth of Greek/Roman learning; humanism; art and science flourish (Leonardo, Michelangelo)
Age of Exploration15th–17th centuryEuropean explorers sail to Americas, Africa, Asia (Columbus 1492, da Gama, Magellan)
Enlightenment17th–18th centuryReason and science; natural rights (Locke, Rousseau); separation of powers (Montesquieu)
French Revolution1789–1799Overthrow of monarchy; Declaration of Rights; Reign of Terror; Napoleon
Industrial Revolution1760–1840Machines, factories, urbanization; changed society and labor
20th Century1901–2000Two World Wars; Cold War; technology; civil rights movements
Analysis Questions
Certificate of Completion
πŸ€–β­πŸ†
This certifies that
has successfully completed
Lumi Academy Level 6
Master Scholars β€” Grades 7–8 (Ages 12–14)
βœ… Exponents & Scientific Notation
βœ… Linear Equations & Graphing
βœ… Systems of Equations
βœ… Functions
βœ… Pythagorean Theorem
βœ… Textual Analysis
βœ… Rhetoric & Persuasion
βœ… MLA Research Writing
βœ… Advanced Grammar
βœ… Atomic Chemistry
βœ… Earth Systems
βœ… World History & Global Cultures
Parent Signature
Date Completed
🌟 Lumi Academy · lumi-academy.org · YourSpace LLC · CCSS · TEKS · NGSS Aligned

How This Fits Into Lumi Academy

Lumi Academy works best when printable practice connects back to a real learning routine. Lumi pairs screen-based lessons with workbooks, coloring pages, report cards, attendance records, and certificates so families can keep both digital and paper evidence of learning.

Printables are especially useful for handwriting, quiet practice, portfolios, co-op days, review weeks, and end-of-year records. They also give kids a hands-on break after voice-guided or interactive lessons.

For homeschool documentation, the value is consistency: digital lesson history shows what was taught, while printable pages show practice artifacts families can save.

What kids experience

Kids start from their own profile and move through a guided session with a friendly on-screen teacher, short explanations, interactive questions, and instant encouragement. Younger learners can use tap choices and read-aloud prompts; older learners can answer with typing, speech, quizzes, and subject-specific checks.

What parents can verify

Parents can review lesson history, scores, subject progress, standards touched, attendance, and printable summaries. That turns daily learning into usable homeschool documentation instead of a vague "we did school today" memory.

Why it performs better at home

Lumi keeps lessons short, varied, and forgiving. If a child misses something, the app can explain again, offer a hint, log the result, and bring the concept back later. That makes the curriculum feel less like a worksheet stack and more like a steady learning loop.

Parent Planning Notes

For best results, treat Lumi as the daily spine of your homeschool routine. Most families do one focused session per child, then add reading aloud, outdoor time, projects, errands, co-op classes, or hands-on practice around it. The app covers the repeatable academic work while parents keep the flexibility that makes homeschooling valuable.

If you are comparing programs, look closely at whether the tool teaches the lesson, checks understanding, saves progress, and gives you printable records. A page can promise "complete curriculum," but the day-to-day mechanics are what determine whether parents can actually sustain it.

Quick Questions

Can Lumi be used as a core homeschool curriculum?

Yes. Lumi is designed as a full K-8 homeschool curriculum with math, reading and writing, science, social studies, quizzes, progress records, and printable parent documentation. Some families add field trips, library books, religious instruction, or co-op classes on top.

How does Lumi personalize learning?

Each learner has a separate profile with age range, grade level, subject progress, guide character, daily goal, and lesson history. The app uses completed lessons, missed questions, retry queues, and performance patterns to keep practice moving at a workable pace.

How should parents use this page?

Most families begin with the free trial, add each child profile, choose age range or grade level, then let Lumi run the daily lesson sequence while the parent dashboard tracks progress.

🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 3 Β· Systems of Equations β€” Practice
πŸ”—
Unit 3 Practice β€” Systems of Equations
Substitution Β· Elimination Β· Word Problems
πŸ€–
Systems of equations have one solution (one intersection), no solution (parallel lines), or infinite solutions (same line). Always check your answer in BOTH equations!
CCSS.MATH.8.EE.C.8
Part A β€” Substitution Method
y = x + 3
y = 2x βˆ’ 1

x + 3 = 2x βˆ’ 1
x =
y =
Solution: (, )
y = βˆ’2x + 7
y = x + 1

βˆ’2x + 7 = x + 1
x =
y =
Solution: (, )
x = 3y βˆ’ 2
2x + y = 18

2(3y βˆ’ 2) + y = 18
7y =
y =
x =
Part B β€” Elimination Method
2x + 3y = 12
2x βˆ’ y = 4

Subtract equations:
4y =
y =
x =
5x + 2y = 16
3x βˆ’ 2y = 0

Add equations:
8x =
x =
y =
4x + y = 10
βˆ’4x + 3y = 6

Add equations:
4y =
y =
x =
Part C β€” Word Problems
Apples cost $1.50 and bananas $0.75. Mia buys 10 pieces of fruit for $12.00. How many of each?

a + b =
1.50a + 0.75b =

Apples:   Bananas:
Two numbers have a sum of 30 and a difference of 8. What are they?

x + y =
x βˆ’ y =

2x =
x = , y =
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 4 Β· Functions β€” Extended Practice
Ζ’(x)
Unit 4 Practice β€” Functions, Domain & Range, Quadratics
Function Notation Β· Input-Output Tables Β· Parabolas
πŸ€–
A function is like a machine: one input always gives exactly one output. The vertical line test tells you instantly β€” if any vertical line crosses the graph more than once, it is NOT a function.
CCSS.MATH.8.F.A.1CCSS.MATH.8.F.B.4
Part A β€” Function Notation Practice
g(x) = 5x βˆ’ 3
g(0) =
g(2) =
g(βˆ’1) =
h(x) = xΒ² βˆ’ 2x
h(0) =
h(3) =
h(βˆ’2) =
p(x) = βˆ’3x + 10
p(1) =
p(4) =
If p(x) = 1, x =
Part B β€” Domain & Range Tables
f(x) = 2x + 1
xf(x)
βˆ’2
0
2
4
Domain: {}
Range: {}
f(x) = xΒ² βˆ’ 1
xf(x)
βˆ’2
βˆ’1
0
1
Domain: {}
Range: {}
Part C β€” Quadratic Function Introduction
f(x) = xΒ² βˆ’ 6x + 8

1. Vertex: x = βˆ’b/(2a) =   y = f() =   Vertex: (, )

2. x-intercepts: 0 = (x βˆ’ 2)(x βˆ’ 4)   x = or x =

3. y-intercept: f(0) =

4. Does the parabola open UP or DOWN? (a = 1 > 0) β†’
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 5 Β· Radicals & Pythagorean Theorem β€” Practice
√
Unit 5 Practice β€” Radicals & Pythagorean Theorem
Simplifying Radicals Β· 8 Triangle Problems Β· Real-World Distance
πŸ€–
To simplify a radical, find the largest perfect-square factor. √72 = √(36Β·2) = 6√2. The Pythagorean theorem ONLY works for right triangles β€” look for that little square in the corner.
CCSS.MATH.8.G.B.7CCSS.MATH.8.G.B.8
Part A β€” Simplify the Radicals
√48 = √(16·3)
= √3
√75 = √(25·3)
= √3
√98 = √(49·2)
= √2
√200 = √(100·2)
= √2
√(9/16)
=
3√12 = 3·√(4·3)
= √3
√27 + √3 =
3√3 + √3 = √3
βˆ›27
=
Part B β€” Pythagorean Theorem (find the missing side; round to tenths if needed)
a=8, b=15
c =
a=7, b=24
c =
a=9, c=41
b =
a=6, b=6
c = √2 β‰ˆ
a=10, b=10
c β‰ˆ
c=25, b=7
a =
a=1, b=1
c = √ β‰ˆ 1.41
a=20, b=21
c =
Part C β€” Real-World Distance Problems
A baseball diamond is a square with 90-foot sides. What is the distance from home plate to second base (the diagonal)?

a = 90, b = 90
cΒ² =
c β‰ˆ ft
A hiker walks 6 miles east, then 8 miles north. How far is she from her starting point?

a = 6, b = 8
c = miles
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Math Review Β· Units 1–5
πŸ†
Math Review β€” Units 1 through 5
25 Mixed Problems Β· Exponents Β· Equations Β· Functions Β· Radicals
Score: _____ / 25     Date: _______________________
πŸ€–
Try every problem from memory first. Then review what you missed. Real scholars learn most from their mistakes.
1. 4Β³ Β· 4Β² =
2. 6⁰ =
3. 3⁻² =
4. Write in sci. notation:
0.00047 =
5. Expand: 6.2 Γ— 10⁡ =
6. Slope through (1,2) and (4,8):
m =
7. Equation: m = βˆ’3, b = 5
y =
8. y = 4x βˆ’ 2, x = 3:
y =
9. Solve: 2x + 5 = 17
x =
10. Is (3, 7) on y = 2x + 1?
Circle: YES / NO
11. Solve the system:
y = x + 4
y = 3x βˆ’ 2
Solution: (, )
12. Elimination:
x + y = 10
x βˆ’ y = 4
x = , y =
13. f(x) = 4x βˆ’ 1
f(3) =
f(βˆ’2) =
14. g(x) = xΒ² βˆ’ 5
g(4) =
g(0) =
15. Is this a function?
{(1,2),(2,3),(1,4)}
Circle: YES / NO
16. √144 =
17. Simplify: √72 = √2
18. Right triangle: a=9, b=40
c =
19. Right triangle: c=13, a=5
b =
20. (xΒ²yΒ³)Β² simplified:
=
21. Domain of f(x) = 2x + 7:
22. Pizza shop: small=$8, large=$12. 20 pies sold, $208 collected.
s = , l =
23. f(x) = xΒ² βˆ’ 4x + 4 zeros:
x =
24. (3Γ—10⁴)(2Γ—10Β³) =
Γ—10___
25. A 17-ft rope reaches from 8 ft away to the top of a wall. Wall height:
h = ft
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 6 Β· Textual Analysis β€” Social Media & Teens
πŸ“±
Unit 6 β€” Textual Analysis: Author's Argument
Claim Β· Evidence Β· Counterargument Β· Reasoning Strength
CCSS.ELA.8.RI.6CCSS.ELA.8.RI.8
πŸ“– Read β€” then answer the questions below

Social Media Is Harming Teenagers β€” and We Must Act Now

Over the past decade, social media use among teenagers has exploded. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat now consume an average of three hours of a teen's day. While many argue that these platforms help young people stay connected and express themselves creatively, the evidence increasingly shows that excessive social media use harms adolescent mental health in measurable and serious ways.

A 2023 study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that teenagers who spent more than three hours per day on social media were twice as likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to those who spent under one hour. Researchers followed 6,500 students over two years. The correlation was especially strong among girls aged 12 to 15, who showed a 40 percent increase in reported feelings of loneliness.

Defenders of social media argue that these platforms give teenagers community, creative outlets, and a voice. They point to activism movements started online and friendships formed across geographic barriers. These benefits are real β€” but they do not cancel out the harm. Connection built on constant comparison and curated images is not healthy connection. It is performance.

Schools, parents, and legislators must respond. Age verification, screen-time limits built into devices, and social media literacy education are practical first steps. We protected children from cigarette advertising on television. We can protect them from a different kind of addiction today. The burden should not fall on thirteen-year-olds to regulate themselves against platforms designed by billion-dollar companies to maximize engagement at all costs.

Analysis Questions
Q1 β€” What is the author's central claim? Write it in your own words.
Q2 β€” List THREE pieces of evidence the author provides to support the claim:
Q3 β€” What counterargument does the author acknowledge? ("Defenders of social media argue...")
Q4 β€” How does the author refute the counterargument? Is the refutation convincing? Explain.
Q5 β€” The author compares social media to cigarette addiction. What type of appeal is this? (logos / pathos / ethos β€” circle one) Explain why.
Q6 β€” Rate the argument's strength: Weak / Moderate / Strong. Give ONE specific reason.
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 7 Β· Rhetoric & Persuasive Techniques β€” Practice
🎀
Unit 7 Practice β€” Rhetoric & Persuasive Techniques
Ethos Β· Pathos Β· Logos Β· Anaphora Β· Rhetorical Question Β· Loaded Language Β· Bandwagon

πŸ“š Key Vocab β€” Persuasive Appeals & Devices

ethosAppeal to credibility: "As a doctor with 20 years of experience..."
pathosAppeal to emotion: "Think of the children who suffer every day."
logosAppeal to logic and evidence: "Studies show a 45% decrease."
anaphoraRepeating words at the start of phrases: "We will fight. We will win."
rhetorical questionQuestion asked for effect, not answer: "Is this the future we want?"
loaded languageWords with strong emotional charge: "radical extremists"
bandwagonAppeal to popularity: "Everyone is switching β€” join millions of satisfied customers."
appeal to authorityUsing an expert's status: "Nobel Prize winner Dr. X endorses this."
CCSS.ELA.8.RI.6CCSS.ELA.8.W.1
Part A β€” Identify the Technique
"Nine out of ten dentists recommend this toothpaste β€” join them."
Technique:
"As a 30-year veteran firefighter, I can tell you β€” this equipment saves lives."
Technique:
"How can we call ourselves a great nation when our children go hungry?"
Technique:
"Imagine a little girl, just six years old, who has never been to a doctor."
Technique:
"We march. We speak. We vote. We will not be silenced."
Technique:
"Crime statistics dropped 32% in cities that adopted this policy."
Technique:
"These radical, dangerous policies threaten the fabric of our democracy."
Technique:
"Millions of Americans have already made the switch β€” don't be left behind."
Technique:
Part B β€” Write Your Own Example of Each Appeal
Write an ETHOS sentence to convince someone to exercise regularly:
Write a PATHOS sentence to convince someone to adopt a shelter pet:
Write a LOGOS sentence about reducing screen time for teens:
πŸ€–
Strong persuasive writing combines all three appeals. Pure logos can feel cold; pure pathos can feel manipulative. Mix them for maximum impact.
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 8 Β· Research Essay & MLA Citation β€” Practice
πŸ“
Unit 8 Practice β€” Research Essay & MLA Citations
Cite Sources Β· Evaluate Credibility Β· Write Thesis Statements
CCSS.ELA.8.W.7CCSS.ELA.8.W.8
Part A β€” Write the MLA Citation
Book by Malcolm Gladwell titled Outliers, published by Little, Brown and Company, 2008.
Website article "How the Brain Learns" by Dr. Amara Singh on BrainFacts.org, September 3, 2023.
Magazine article "The Science of Sleep" by Nia Johnson, Health Monthly, vol. 12, no. 4, 2022, pp. 45–52.
In-text citation β€” you are quoting page 89 of the Gladwell book. Write the parenthetical citation:
Part B β€” Evaluate Source Credibility (Credible / Not Credible / Uncertain β€” explain)
A blog post "Vaccines Are Dangerous!" by an anonymous author on a personal WordPress site.
Rating:
Reason:
Peer-reviewed article in the New England Journal of Medicine, named authors, published 2024.
Rating:
Reason:
Wikipedia page about the American Civil War β€” no specific author.
Rating:
Reason:
NASA.gov page explaining the James Webb Space Telescope, updated March 2024.
Rating:
Reason:
Part C β€” Write a Thesis Statement for Each Topic
Topic: Should school uniforms be required in public schools?
Topic: The impact of video games on teenagers
Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16?
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 9 Β· Advanced Grammar & Syntax
✏️
Unit 9 β€” Advanced Grammar & Syntax
Phrases vs. Clauses Β· Parallel Structure Β· Dangling Modifiers Β· Semicolons & Colons Β· Active vs. Passive Voice

πŸ“š Grammar Concepts

phraseGroup of words WITHOUT a subject+verb: "running down the street"
clauseGroup of words WITH a subject+verb: "she ran down the street"
parallel structureSame grammatical form in a list: "swimming, hiking, and biking" (not "...and to bike")
dangling modifierPhrase that doesn't connect to the right noun: "Running late, the bus was missed." (Who was running?)
semicolon (;)Joins two independent clauses: "She studied hard; she aced the test."
colon (:)Introduces a list or explanation: "She needed three things: paper, a pen, and courage."
active voiceSubject performs the action: "The chef cooked dinner."
passive voiceSubject receives the action: "Dinner was cooked by the chef."
CCSS.ELA.8.L.1CCSS.ELA.8.L.2
Practice β€” 15 Problems: Identify, Correct, or Rewrite
1. Phrase or Clause? "after the long rain" β†’
2. Phrase or Clause? "the dog barked loudly" β†’
3. Fix parallel structure: "She enjoys reading, to swim, and baking cookies."
Corrected:
4. Fix parallel structure: "He is smart, hardworking, and has creativity."
Corrected:
5. Fix dangling modifier: "Barking loudly, the mailman was scared away by the dog."
Corrected:
6. Fix dangling modifier: "Exhausted from the marathon, the couch looked very appealing."
Corrected:
7. Add a semicolon: "Leo passed the exam he studied for three weeks."
Corrected:
8. Add a colon: "She had only one goal to graduate with honors."
Corrected:
9. Active or passive? "The trophy was won by the youngest player." β†’
Rewrite in active voice:
10. Rewrite in passive voice: "The scientist discovered a new planet."
Passive:
11. Correct or incorrect? "Neither the boys nor the girls was late." β†’
Fix if needed:
12. Correct or incorrect? "Everyone in both classes turned in their homework." β†’
13. Independent or subordinate clause? "Although it was raining" β†’
14. Correct punctuation: "He had three hobbies [: / ; / ,] painting, reading, and cycling." β†’
15. Write one sentence using a semicolon correctly:
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6ELA Review Β· Units 6–9
πŸ“–
ELA Review β€” Units 6 through 9
20 Mixed Questions Β· Textual Analysis Β· Rhetoric Β· MLA Β· Grammar
Score: _____ / 20     Date: _______________________
πŸ€–
Great ELA scholars do two things: read like critics (always asking "why did the author do that?") and write like builders (making every sentence do a job).
1. The central point an author tries to prove is called the: A) evidence   B) claim   C) counterargument   D) refutation
2. Which appeal uses expert credentials to persuade? A) logos   B) pathos   C) ethos   D) anaphora
3. "We will march. We will chant. We will not stop." β€” Device:
4. "Can you imagine living without clean water?" β€” Device:
5. True or False: A counterargument automatically weakens an essay.
6. In-text citation for page 112 of a book by Rivera:
7. The full list of sources at the end of a paper is called:
8. A Wikipedia article with no author listed is: A) Always credible   B) Never credible   C) Should be verified with primary sources
9. Error type in "She likes to run, swimming, and cycling":   Fix:
10. Phrase or Clause? "because she studied hard" β†’
11. Fix dangling modifier: "Walking through the park, the trees were beautiful."
Corrected:
12. Rewrite in active voice: "The game was won by our team." β†’
13. Correct punctuation: "I need two supplies __ a calculator and a ruler." (colon or semicolon?) β†’
14. "Loaded language" uses words that: A) are factual   B) carry strong emotional weight   C) follow parallel structure
15. True or False: Logos appeals rely on statistics and data.
16. A thesis statement must be: A) a question   B) a fact everyone agrees with   C) a clear, arguable position
17. An author includes a counterargument in order to:
18. "Bandwagon" persuades people by:
19. Write one sentence using a semicolon correctly:
20. Write a thesis for: "Should school start later in the morning?"
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 10 Β· Chemistry & Atomic Structure β€” Practice
βš›οΈ
Unit 10 Practice β€” Atomic Structure & Periodic Table
Fill-In Problems Β· Periodic Table Questions Β· Atom Diagram
πŸ€–
The periodic table is organized by atomic number. Every element in a column (group) shares similar chemical behavior. Think of groups as families β€” similar personalities, different sizes!
NGSS MS-PS1-1NGSS MS-PS1-4
Part A β€” Atomic Structure Fill-In (10 problems)
Sodium (Na): atomic # = 11, mass # = 23
Protons:
Electrons:
Neutrons:
Chlorine (Cl): atomic # = 17, mass # = 35
Protons:
Electrons:
Neutrons:
Iron (Fe): atomic # = 26, mass # = 56
Protons:
Neutrons:
Gold (Au): atomic # = 79, mass # = 197
Protons:
Neutrons:
An atom has 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
Element:
Mass number:
Two atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called:
Part B β€” Label the Atom Diagram (nucleus Β· proton Β· neutron Β· electron Β· electron shell)
A:                B:              C:             D:             (dashed circle)
Part C β€” Periodic Table & Bonding Questions
Elements in the same GROUP (column) have similar:
A) mass numbers   B) chemical properties   C) neutron counts
Metals are found on the side of the periodic table. They are good conductors of .
An atom that has gained or lost an electron is called:
True or False: In an ionic bond, electrons are shared equally between atoms.
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 11 Β· Earth Systems & Climate
🌍
Unit 11 β€” Earth Systems & Climate
Plate Tectonics Β· Rock Cycle Β· Weather vs. Climate Β· Greenhouse Effect

πŸ“š Key Concepts

plate tectonicsEarth's crust is divided into moving plates; movement causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains
convergent boundaryPlates collide β€” forms mountains and trenches; e.g., Himalayas
divergent boundaryPlates pull apart β€” new crust forms; e.g., Mid-Atlantic Ridge
transform boundaryPlates slide sideways β€” causes earthquakes; e.g., San Andreas Fault
rock cycleRocks change: igneous β†’ sedimentary β†’ metamorphic through heat, pressure, and weathering
greenhouse effectCOβ‚‚ and other gases trap heat β€” essential in balance, but excess causes climate change
NGSS MS-ESS2-2NGSS MS-ESS3-5
Part A β€” Plate Boundary Types (label each scenario)
Two plates crash together, one diving beneath the other (subduction). Deep ocean trenches form.
Boundary:
Two plates grind sideways past each other in California, causing frequent earthquakes.
Boundary:
Magma wells up between two plates moving apart, creating new seafloor under the Atlantic.
Boundary:
Part B β€” Rock Cycle Fill-In
Magma cools β†’ Rock β†’ weathering β†’ Rock β†’ heat & pressure β†’ Rock β†’ melts β†’ Magma
Part C β€” Climate Questions (8 problems)
Difference between weather and climate:
Weather =
Climate =
Main gas contributing to enhanced greenhouse effect:
A) oxygen   B) nitrogen   C) carbon dioxide   D) argon
List TWO pieces of evidence that Earth's climate is changing:
1.
2.
Which human activity produces the most COβ‚‚?
A) farming   B) burning fossil fuels   C) fishing   D) construction
A region's average temperature and rainfall over 30+ years is called its:
Melting polar ice caps most directly cause:
A) more earthquakes   B) rising sea levels   C) more volcanoes
True or False: The greenhouse effect is entirely caused by humans and did not exist before industrialization.
Name ONE action to slow climate change:
πŸ€–
Weather is what you wear a jacket for today. Climate is what clothes you keep in your closet all year.
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 12 Β· Genetics & Evolution
🧬
Unit 12 β€” Genetics & Evolution
DNA Β· Dominant & Recessive Β· Punnett Squares Β· Natural Selection

πŸ“š Genetics Vocabulary

DNADeoxyribonucleic acid β€” carries genetic instructions; double helix shape
geneA segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
alleleDifferent versions of a gene (B = brown eyes, b = blue eyes)
dominantExpressed when present β€” capital letter (B)
recessiveOnly expressed with two copies β€” lowercase (b)
genotypeActual alleles: BB, Bb, or bb
phenotypePhysical trait that shows: "brown eyes"
natural selectionOrganisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more β€” drives evolution
NGSS MS-LS3-1NGSS MS-LS4-4
Part A β€” Punnett Squares (B = brown hair dominant; b = blond hair recessive)
Cross 1: BB Γ— bb
bb
B
B
Brown : Blond = :
Cross 2: Bb Γ— Bb
Bb
B
b
Brown : Blond = :
Cross 3: Bb Γ— bb
bb
B
b
Brown : Blond = :
Part B β€” Evolution Questions
Natural selection favors traits that help organisms:
A) look colorful   B) survive and reproduce   C) grow larger   D) live longest
Darwin observed animals on different islands had different beak shapes. This supports that species:
A) were all created at once   B) adapt over time to their environment   C) do not change
Which is NOT evidence for evolution?
A) fossil record   B) DNA similarities   C) identical human fingerprints   D) homologous structures
A helpful mutation will likely:
A) disappear   B) be passed to offspring   C) cause extinction   D) stay unchanged
An organism with genotype Bb is:
A) homozygous dominant   B) homozygous recessive   C) heterozygous
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Science Review Β· Units 10–12
πŸ”¬
Science Review β€” Units 10 through 12
20 Mixed Questions + Extended Response
Score: _____ / 20     Date: _______________________
πŸ€–
Science is built on evidence and revision. Even experts change their minds when new data appears β€” that's the beauty of the scientific method.
1. Protons are found in the:
A) electron shell   B) nucleus   C) orbit
2. Atomic number tells you the number of:
3. An ionic bond involves:
A) sharing electrons   B) transferring electrons   C) losing protons
4. Carbon-14 has 6 protons. Neutrons:
5. Same group = similar:
A) mass   B) chemical behavior   C) density
6. Convergent boundaries often form:
A) rift valleys   B) new ocean floor   C) mountains and trenches
7. San Andreas Fault is a _____ boundary.
A) convergent   B) divergent   C) transform
8. Rock formed from cooled magma:
9. Weather = _____ conditions; Climate = _____ patterns.
10. Main greenhouse gas from burning fossil fuels:
11. Melting ice caps cause sea levels to:
A) drop   B) stay same   C) rise
12. DNA is shaped like a:
A) straight line   B) double helix   C) sphere
13. Dominant allele shown as:
A) lowercase   B) uppercase   C) a number
14. Cross Bb Γ— Bb: fraction of blond (bb) offspring:
15. Natural selection was first described by:
A) Mendel   B) Darwin   C) Einstein   D) Curie
16. Evidence for evolution:
A) humans walk upright   B) fossils show gradual change   C) animals are same everywhere
17. Genotype bb is:
A) homozygous dominant   B) heterozygous   C) homozygous recessive
18. Metamorphic rock forms from:
A) cooled lava   B) heat & pressure   C) sediment only
19. True or False: The greenhouse effect should be completely eliminated.
20. A helpful mutation will be:
A) eliminated   B) naturally selected   C) reversed
Extended Response β€” Choose ONE (write 3–5 sentences)
Option A: Explain how plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes are connected.
Option B: How does natural selection lead to a species changing over many generations? Use an example.
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 13 Β· World History β€” Practice
🌐
Unit 13 Practice β€” World History: Renaissance to Modern
Timeline Β· Primary Source Analysis Β· Matching
CCSS.ELA.8.RH.9C3.D2.His.1
Part A β€” Timeline: Number These 10 Events in Chronological Order (1 = earliest)
Part B β€” Primary Source: WWI Letter (read and answer)
Primary Source β€” British soldier's letter, December 1914, Western Front
"Dear Mother, It has been three weeks since I slept in a proper bed. The mud here is unlike anything I can describe. Yesterday we exchanged rifle fire with the German line for six hours but gained nothing β€” not a single yard. The men are tired and cold. Yet somehow, last night, on Christmas Eve, both sides stopped firing and we exchanged songs across the wire. It seemed impossible that the same men who shoot at each other could also wish one another a happy Christmas. I do not understand this war anymore. I only know I want to come home."
Part C β€” Matching (write the letter)
1. Leonardo da Vinci ___
2. Martin Luther ___
3. Napoleon Bonaparte ___
4. James Watt ___
5. Archduke Franz Ferdinand ___
6. Adolf Hitler ___
7. Karl Marx ___
8. John Locke ___
9. Christopher Columbus ___
10. Winston Churchill ___
A. Steam engine innovator
B. French emperor who conquered Europe
C. Natural rights philosopher
D. Wrote Communist Manifesto
E. Renaissance artist & engineer
F. Assassination triggered WWI
G. Led Nazi Germany
H. Led Britain in WWII
I. Challenged Church; started Reformation
J. Reached the Americas 1492
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 14 Β· Global Cultures & Civics
πŸ›οΈ
Unit 14 β€” Global Cultures & Civics
Types of Government Β· United Nations Β· Economic Systems Β· Globalization

πŸ“š Types of Government

Democracy
Citizens vote; majority rules; rights protected. Examples: USA, Canada
Monarchy
King or queen holds power. Constitutional (UK) vs. absolute (some Gulf states)
Oligarchy
Small group rules β€” often military or elite. Historical: Sparta
Totalitarianism
Government controls ALL aspects of life. Example: North Korea
Theocracy
Government ruled by religious law. Example: Iran
Republic
Citizens elect representatives. The US is a constitutional republic
C3.D2.Civ.2C3.D2.Eco.1
Part A β€” Classify by Government Type
Part B β€” True or False: Globalization
πŸ€–
The UN was founded in 1945 with 51 original member nations. Today it has 193. It doesn't have its own army β€” it relies on member countries sending peacekeeping forces.
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Unit 14 Β· Globalization Essay + Social Studies Review
🌐
Unit 14 β€” Globalization Essay & Social Studies Review
Extended Writing Β· 15 Mixed Questions
Extended Response β€” Write at Least 2 Full Paragraphs
Social Studies Review β€” 15 Mixed Questions
Score: _____ / 15     Date: _______________________
✦ Lumi Academy ✦
Certificate of Completion
β­πŸ€–β­
THIS CERTIFIES THAT
(Student Name)
has successfully completed
Level 6: Master Scholars
Grades 7–8 Β· Ages 12–14
"You didn't just finish β€” you mastered it.
The world needs thinkers like you." β€” πŸ€– Lumi
✦ Exponents & Sci. Notation
✦ Linear Equations
✦ Systems of Equations
✦ Functions & Quadratics
✦ Pythagorean Theorem
✦ Textual Analysis
✦ Rhetoric & Persuasion
✦ MLA Research Writing
✦ Advanced Grammar
✦ Atomic Chemistry
✦ Earth Systems & Climate
✦ Genetics & Evolution
✦ World History
✦ Global Cultures & Civics
✦ All 4 Unit Reviews
Student Signature
Parent / Teacher
Date Completed
🌟 lumi-academy.org · YourSpace LLC · CCSS · TEKS · NGSS Aligned
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Answer Key β€” Page 1 of 2
πŸ—οΈ
Answer Key β€” Level 6 (Parent/Teacher Use)
Math Β· ELA Β· Extended response answers will vary
For parent/teacher use only. Extended responses will vary β€” use the rubric on page 2.
πŸ”’ MATH β€” Units 1–5 Key Answers
Unit 1: 3Β²Β·3⁴=729; 5⁢÷5Β³=125; (2Β³)Β²=64; 10⁰=1; 2⁻⁴=1/16; 6⁻²=1/36; 45,000=4.5Γ—10⁴; 0.000082=8.2Γ—10⁻⁡; 3.5Γ—10⁴=35,000; 7.2Γ—10⁻³=0.0072; 93,000,000=9.3Γ—10⁷; 0.0000001=1Γ—10⁻⁷
Unit 2: Slopes: (2,4)β†’(6,12) m=2; (1,7)β†’(4,1) m=βˆ’2; (βˆ’3,2)β†’(3,8) m=1; Eqs: y=3xβˆ’2; y=βˆ’Β½x+4; y=2x+5; slope=2, y=2xβˆ’3
Unit 3 Practice: x+3=2xβˆ’1 β†’ x=4,y=7; βˆ’2x+7=x+1 β†’ x=2,y=3; 7y=22 β†’ y=22/7β‰ˆ3.1,x=7.4; 2x+3y=12,2xβˆ’y=4 β†’ y=2,x=3; 8x=16 β†’ x=2,y=3; 4x+y=10,βˆ’4x+3y=6 β†’ y=4,x=1.5; Apples=6,Bananas=4; Two numbers: 19 and 11
Unit 4 Practice: g(0)=βˆ’3,g(2)=7,g(βˆ’1)=βˆ’8; h(0)=0,h(3)=3,h(βˆ’2)=8; p(1)=7,p(4)=βˆ’2,x=3; f(x)=2x+1 table: βˆ’3,1,5,9; f(x)=xΒ²βˆ’1 table: 3,0,βˆ’1,0; Vertex of xΒ²βˆ’6x+8: x=3,y=βˆ’1; x-int: x=2 or 4; y-int=8; opens UP
Unit 5 Practice: √48=4√3; √75=5√3; √98=7√2; √200=10√2; √(9/16)=3/4; 3√12=6√3; 4√3; βˆ›27=3; Triangles: 8,15β†’17; 7,24β†’25; 9,41β†’40; 6,6β†’6√2β‰ˆ8.5; 10,10β†’β‰ˆ14.1; c=25,b=7β†’24; 20,21β†’29; baseballβ‰ˆ127.3 ft; hiker=10 miles
πŸ”’ MATH REVIEW β€” 25 Problems
1.4⁷=16,384 2.1 3.1/9 4.4.7Γ—10⁻⁴ 5.620,000 6.2 7.y=βˆ’3x+5 8.10 9.6 10.NO (gives 7, but 2Β·3+1=7 β€” YES actually) 11.(3,7) 12.x=7,y=3 13.11;βˆ’9 14.11;βˆ’5 15.NO 16.12 17.6 18.41 19.12 20.x⁴y⁢ 21.All real numbers 22.s=8,l=12 23.x=2(double root) 24.6Γ—10⁷ 25.15 ft
*Problem 10 correction: 2(3)+1=7 βœ“ β€” answer is YES
πŸ“– ELA β€” Units 7–9 Key Answers
Unit 7A: 1.Bandwagon 2.Ethos 3.Rhetorical question 4.Pathos 5.Anaphora 6.Logos 7.Loaded language 8.Bandwagon
Unit 8A β€” MLA: Gladwell, Malcolm. Outliers. Little, Brown and Company, 2008. | Singh, Amara. "How the Brain Learns." BrainFacts.org, 3 Sept. 2023. | Johnson, Nia. "The Science of Sleep." Health Monthly, vol. 12, no. 4, 2022, pp. 45–52. | In-text: (Gladwell 89)
Unit 8B β€” Credibility: 1.Not credible (anon, no expertise) 2.Credible 3.Uncertain (verify) 4.Credible (gov't agency)
Unit 9: 1.Phrase 2.Clause 3."reading, swimming, and baking" 4."smart, hardworking, and creative" 5."Barking loudly, the dog scared the mailman away." 6."Exhausted from the marathon, she thought the couch looked appealing." 7."Leo passed the exam; he studied for three weeks." 8."She had only one goal: to graduate." 9.Passive; "The youngest player won the trophy." 10."A new planet was discovered by the scientist." 11.Incorrect β†’ "were late" 12.Correct 13.Subordinate 14.Colon 15.Sample varies
ELA Review: 1.B 2.C 3.Anaphora 4.Rhetorical question 5.False 6.(Rivera 112) 7.Works Cited 8.C 9.Parallel structure; "running, swimming, and cycling" 10.Clause 11."Walking through the park, she admired the beautiful trees." 12."Our team won the game." 13.Colon 14.B 15.True 16.C 17.Show balance/fairness and then refute 18.Claiming everyone is doing it 19–20.Sample varies
🌟 Lumi Academy β€” Level 6Answer Key β€” Page 2 of 2
πŸ—οΈ
Answer Key β€” Science & Social Studies
Units 10–14 Β· Punnett Squares Β· Reviews
πŸ”¬ SCIENCE β€” Units 10–12
Unit 10: Na: P=11,E=11,N=12 | Cl: P=17,E=17,N=18 | Fe: P=26,N=30 | Au: P=79,N=118 | 8 protons = Oxygen, mass=16 | isotopes | Diagram: A=nucleus B=proton C=electron D=electron shell (neutron inside nucleus) | Metals on LEFT side; conductor of electricity and heat | ion | FALSE
Unit 11: Boundaries: subduction=convergent; San Andreas=transform; Mid-Atlantic=divergent | Rock cycle: Magma→Igneous→Sedimentary→Metamorphic | Weather=short-term daily conditions; Climate=long-term 30+ yr patterns | CO₂ | Fossil fuels | Evidence: rising sea levels, melting glaciers (any two valid) | Sea levels rise | FALSE
Unit 12 β€” Punnett Squares:
Cross 1 BBΓ—bb: all Bb β†’ 4 brown : 0 blond
Cross 2 BbΓ—Bb: BB,Bb,Bb,bb β†’ 3 brown : 1 blond | genotypes 1BB:2Bb:1bb
Cross 3 BbΓ—bb: Bb,Bb,bb,bb β†’ 2 brown : 2 blond (50/50)
Evolution: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C
Science Review: 1.B 2.protons 3.B 4.8 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.Igneous 9.short-term/daily; long-term/avg 10.COβ‚‚ 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.1/4 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.FALSE 20.B
🌍 SOCIAL STUDIES β€” Units 13–14
Unit 13 Timeline (chronological): 1=Renaissance(~1350), 2=Columbus(1492), 3=Reformation(1517), 4=Magellan(1522), 5=Industrial Rev(~1760), 6=French Rev(1789), 7=Napoleon exiled(1815), 8=WWI(1914), 9=WWII/UN(1945), 10=Berlin Wall(1989)
Unit 13 Matching: 1-E, 2-I, 3-B, 4-A, 5-F, 6-G, 7-D, 8-C, 9-J, 10-H
Unit 14A β€” Government Types: USA=Democracy/Constitutional Republic; N.Korea=Totalitarianism; UK=Constitutional Monarchy; Iran=Theocracy; Sparta=Oligarchy; France=Democracy
Unit 14B β€” True/False: 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.F
SS Review: 1.C 2.B 3.Montesquieu 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.Totalitarianism 8.C 9.B 10.False 11.B 12.First to circumnavigate the globe 13.B 14.B 15.B
πŸ“ Extended Response Scoring Rubric
ScoreCriteria
4 β€” ExcellentClear claim; 2+ specific pieces of evidence; logical reasoning; counterargument addressed; strong conclusion
3 β€” ProficientClear claim; at least 2 pieces of evidence; reasoning present; minor gaps in logic or conclusion
2 β€” DevelopingClaim present but vague; 1 piece of evidence; limited reasoning; incomplete structure
1 β€” BeginningMinimal claim; no evidence; unclear reasoning; very short response
πŸŒŸπŸ€–πŸ†
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